Wednesday, January 30th, 2008
By Mona Eltahawy
I am writing this on the plane taking me back to New York from Cairo, my hometown. Almost every conversation I had during the three weeks I spent in Egypt revolved around the decay and increasing poverty that continues to tighten its grip on my country. So my heart aches just to consider “change” vs. “competence”.
They are words that have been erased from modern Egypt’s political lexicon by a succession of military dictators who have ruled since a coup in 1952. The latest one, President Hosni Mubarak, has been in power since his predecessor, Anwar Sadat, was assassinated at the end of 1981. For the past 26 years, Mubarak has ruled Egypt with little regard for competence or change and he is said to be grooming his son Gamal, a former banker, to inherit his regime. So much for any competence or change on the horizon.
It is a wonder how the regime runs the country when it is so out of touch with its people. While those in power boast the Egyptian economy is growing at a healthy rate, they forget to tell you that they are its only benefactors. Prices continue to soar. A sandwich of fava beans, a staple in the diet of all Egyptians but especially the poor, has doubled in price and many cannot even afford to eat meat.
You need only see how the regime reacted to criticism from the European Union to understand how allergic it is to any suggestions of change. Unlike the Bush administration, which seems to have forgotten it had ever emphasized democracy and reform – i.e. change – in Egypt, the EU recently, and rightfully, blasted Egypt’s human and civil rights record.
But to hear the regime’s response, you would think such criticism was the product of evil forces conspiring against Egypt. At least that’s how the head of the Egyptian parliament put it when he was interviewed by a television talk show. Never mind that jails are full of political prisoners or that the regime is suffocating all life out of Egypt. The official, Fathi Sorour, suggested the Europeans would regret calling for change once they understood that they needed Egypt more than it needed them. No change, no competence and plenty of delusion.
Change needs new blood and to understand the fate of anyone who believes Egypt needs it, consider the fate of Ayman Nour, a parliamentarian who was Mubarak’s main opponent in Egypt’s first contested presidential elections in September 2005. Nour has been in prison since the end of 2005 after a politically motivated trial aimed at removing him from politics as Mubarak grooms Gamal to take over.
There are plenty of competent people in Egypt who could carry out the changes that my country needs so much, but they are pushed out of the way, bullied into silence or sent to jail. Some even self-impose exile, as was the fate of Saad Eddin Ibrahim, a Mubarak critic who dared to urge the Bush administration to make its aid conditional on the Cairo regime’s respect of human rights.
No matter who wins the U.S. elections in November, I remain highly skeptical that they will encourage either competence or change in Egypt. Successive inhabitants of the White House have always preferred stability there.
President Bush said so at the end of 2004. He seemed to support reform and democracy in 2005, but his recent visit to Egypt, which took place while I was there, suggested we were back to regular programming. He stayed for just three hours in Egypt, an afterthought compared to the two days he had just spent in Saudi Arabia where he delivered a major arms sale and sword-danced with relatives of Saudi King Abdullah.
Bush thanked and appreciated Mubarak several times and praised him for Egypt’s “vibrant civil society.” Less than 24 hours after Bush left, Egyptian police ended a peaceful demonstration in Cairo and dumped the protestors, including a 70-year-old opposition leader, out in the desert.
Egypt used to pride itself for being the de facto leader of the Middle East, but it has turned into a vacation backdrop for visiting dignitaries whose attention and business deals have increasingly shifted to the booming economies of newly influential Arab Gulf kingdoms and emirates.
Egypt’s diminished role is no surprise considering that Mubarak has been in power for 26 years. His regime is tired and lacking in new ideas.
Bush is the fourth U.S. president to hold office since the start of Mubarak’s reign. Whether Americans choose “competence” or “change” later this year, it seems one Mubarak or another will be waiting to receive them
Originally posted at PostGlobal

Comments (8)
Craig said:
Unlike the Bush administration, which seems to have forgotten it had ever emphasized democracy and reform – i.e. change – in Egypt, the EU recently, and rightfully, blasted Egypt’s human and civil rights record.
I’m not an expert on fancy latin but i.e. means “that is” right? You are equating change with reform? A change for the worse, is still a change.
Off topic, but what do you think the EU is up to? They don’t exactly have a history of criticizing Arab governments. What do they want from Mubarak?
But to hear the regime’s response, you would think such criticism was the product of evil forces conspiring against Egypt. At least that’s how the head of the Egyptian parliament put it when he was interviewed by a television talk show.
He’s probably right. Egypt has a horrible human rights record, but I can’t think of another time off the top of my head the EU (or the Euros in the UN) have gone after an Arab government about Human Rights. They don’t even complain about Human Rights abuses in Iran. Why Egypt, and why now?
No matter who wins the U.S. elections in November, I remain highly skeptical that they will encourage either competence or change in Egypt. Successive inhabitants of the White House have always preferred stability there.
I agree. What Egypt needs (from a US perspective) is a credible opposition that can offer both reform (change) and stability. A few well intentioned individuals won’t do that for Egypt, if Egyptian society is unready to support them. I think the US has decided in the last couple of years, that Egyptian society is not there yet. I think an assessment has been made that any change in Egypt that occurs now, will be for the worse, from our viewpoint.
PS-Glad to see you are blogging now, and that you’re on iToot! Don’t let my criticism fool you, I like your ideas. I just question their practicality. Egypt needs more people like you, in my American opinion
January 30th, 2008, 6:35 pm
Dale said:
While setting up refugee camps in Northern Iraq, one thing that I noticed was that when someone was placed in charge of pretty much anything, he often began behaving like a despot. I.e.: he would take more than his share of supplies, appoint his friends and relatives to lesser positions, and generally began oppressing “his” citizens.
Someone else concluded that it was because of the examples he’d had in the past. In much of the Middle East, this is considered normal behavior for any bureaucrat. Things hadn’t changed in that regard since the time of Christ when tax collectors were pretty much on the same level as any harlot.
My own conclusion is that all people are basically evil creatures. This was borne out at Abu Graib prison. The so-called “leash girl” and her cohorts, as a rule, did not have leadership setting that kind of an example. That they had weak and ineffective leadership was certainly evident, but their bad behavior came from the evil within them. I know that it sounds like a plot from a bad zombie film, but it rings true nevertheless.
The behavior of Mubarrak is much the same, I suspect. He’s had both despotic examples in charge of things as an example all his life, but the evil comes from within.
How to break the cycle? I’m just another American, and not a very important one. I have no idea other than to suggest a bloody rebellion, a world-wide one, which will be coming along any day now, with or without my sanction.
Then again, I might just be insane. Your call.
February 1st, 2008, 6:37 am
Craig said:
Dale,
Someone else concluded that it was because of the examples he’d had in the past. In much of the Middle East, this is considered normal behavior for any bureaucrat. Things hadn’t changed in that regard since the time of Christ when tax collectors were pretty much on the same level as any harlot.
In this example, I would say it was a leadership failure on the part of whoever was appointing people to positions of authority. Most people don’t have much in the way of leadership skills. What you describe is not the behavior of a good leader. It’s the behavior of a bad leader. and once you get bad leaders in place, they select more bad leaders as their own subordinates. Why? Because if they put somebody who actually HAD some leadership skills under them, that person would be a dissident – because a good leader would not approve of the methods his boss was using. They’d try to get some changes made. It’s a cycle that can go on forever.
My own conclusion is that all people are basically evil creatures.
I came to that conclusion a long time ago, for somewhat similar reasons. But I’ve since changed my mind. I now believe that most people are neither good nor evil, but are easily swayed one way or the other depending on their situation.
February 1st, 2008, 12:55 pm
Ian said:
What Egypt needs (from a US perspective) is a credible opposition that can offer both reform (change) and stability.
What Egypt needs might not be what America wants it to need; and an American idea of what constitutes a credible opposition might not actually be that credible to Egyptians.
I suppose I am really saying that Egypt will remain a lolcountry until it starts having real elections that anyone who gets the most votes can win, even if they are the the Muslim Brothers.
February 1st, 2008, 4:49 pm
Craig said:
Ian, that’s fine, but Mona’s post had a lot of criticism for the US in it, in regards to Egypt.
This for instance:
No matter who wins the U.S. elections in November, I remain highly skeptical that they will encourage either competence or change in Egypt. Successive inhabitants of the White House have always preferred stability there.
The US position makes perfect sense to me. Do you find it confusing?
February 2nd, 2008, 11:53 am
Craig said:
By the way, Ian:
I suppose I am really saying that Egypt will remain a lolcountry until it starts having real elections that anyone who gets the most votes can win, even if they are the the Muslim Brothers.
What kind of county will Egypt be, if the Muslim Brotherhood does control the government? An omfggetmethehelloutofherecountry?
February 2nd, 2008, 11:56 am
Solomon2 said:
Unlike the Bush administration, which seems to have forgotten it had ever emphasized democracy and reform -
I don’t think the Bush administration has given up on the ideas of democracy and reform in Egypt. Rather, they have given up on the current batch of Egyptian democratic reformers. Condoleeza invites them in to her office and tells them with the barest of diplomatic fig leaves (or none at all) that the U.S. wants a democratic Egypt, and the message the “reformers” tell afterwards is, “The U.S. supports Mubarak”.
Something is very wrong with the way these people process information. They do not have a sufficient grasp of their own personal political responsibility. Under such circumstances, why shouldn’t the U.S. simply shrug its shoulders and do the best it can with the current regime?
February 6th, 2008, 1:17 pm
George said:
If anyone needs evidence of the corruption of the current Arab elites, you need look no further than the impact that high energy prices are having on the poor of the world. That’s one reason why food prices have doubled as cited in her article. Also, poor people don’t use cars, but they use bottled gas for cooking, and kerosene for heating in some areas. If they can’t afford it, they will revert to burning wood or animal waste- which greatly contributes to air pollution and is much harder to gather and utilize. We in the West can help to bring down demand for petroleum resources by using smaller cars and being more energy efficient.
February 6th, 2008, 6:42 pm
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